Vivo in vitro.

It turns out, cancer cell lines aren’t so linear. Such cells are the backbone of pre-clinical data on cancer behavior and drug efficacy. But let’s remember these are cancer cells, after all, so it makes sense that their genomes are highly unstable. In this study, genomic instability led to significant clonal heterogeneity that caused big differences in response. In fact, three quarters of in vitro therapies failed to consistently demonstrate activity across multiple strains derived from a single clone. | Ben-David, Nature 2018