Safety first.

Although atezolizumab (a PD-L1 inhibitor) hasn’t proven a significant advantage over chemotherapy among platinum-refractory bladder cancer patients, for what it’s worth, long term phase 1 outcomes demonstrate it really is safe. This likely means atezolizumab (i.e., Roche) won’t be giving up its quest to find just the right timing and combination therapy to edge out the benefits already established by pembrolizumab (i.e., Merck) among this same population (i.e., market share).