Abscopal effects.

We've seen some pretty amazing responses in patients on immunotherapy who get hypofractionated radiation. As you probably know, there is a lot of immune activation in and around a tumor after radiaiton. Too bad the tumor knows this, too, and figured out how to manipulate the PD-1 axis long before we did. Well, an interesting study in Clinical Cancer Research shows that blocking the PD-1 axis during hypofractionated radiation lets the immune system expand it's anti-tumor immunity and kill more cancer systemically. Looks like cancer vaccines can come in more than syringes.